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Part 3 of the paper: SWAZILAND SECONDARY/HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ RISKS THAT MAY PROMOTE HIV INFECTION AND THE SPREAD OF AIDS by NOZIPHO EUGENIA MNDEBELE, NATIONAL CURRICULUM CENTREClick here for Part 4 of this paper Q44. It is okay for girls to have several boyfriends Over 57.7% strongly disagreed with the statement that "it’s okay for girls to have several boyfriends" and another 35.3% disagreed. Table A-27
Total Sample Size 2258 Q45. It is okay for boys to have several girlfriends When further asked about boys having several girl-friends, again responses indicate that it is not ideal for boys to have several girl-friends, with 53.3% strongly disagreeing and another 31.1% disagreeing. Only 13.55 agreed with the statement. Table A-28
Total Sample Size 2258
Q46. It is okay for a man to have several wives About half of respondents 50.5% strongly disagreed, and another 33.7% disagreed that men should have several wives. Only 16% agreed. The finding suggests that the new generation is moving towards contracting monogamous marriages as opposed to polygamy.
Table A-29
Total Sample size 2258
Q47. It is okay for a woman to have several husbands On the statement about women having several husbands, over half (56.4%) strongly disagreed, 35.7%disagreed whereas only 4.7%agreed with the statement. Table A-30
Total Sample size 2258
Q48. It is okay for a married man to have girlfriends On being asked if it was appropriate for a married man to have several girl-friends, 62.2% strongly disagreed, 33.1% disagreed whereas only 4.7% agreed with the statement. Table A-31
Total Sample size 2258
Q49. It is okay for a married woman to have boyfriends When further asked if married women could have boyfriends, 31.6% disagreed and another 63.6%strongly disagreed. Only 4.7% had some measure of agreement with the statement. Table A-32
Total Sample size 2258
Q50. It is okay for female students to have sexual relationships with adult men On whether female students should have sexual relationships with adult male, the result indicate that 64.9% strongly disagreed and another 30.6% disagreed. Only 4.5% agreed to the statement. Table A-33
Total Sample size 2258
Q51. It is okay for male student to have sexual relationships with adult men When further questioned about male students having sexual relationship with adult women, 64.7% strongly disagreed and another 29.9%disagreed. Only 5.4% had a measure of some agreement. Thus, young people felt it was wrong to have sexual relationships with older members of the opposite sex. Table A-34
Total Sample size 2258
Q52. It is okay for students to have sexual relationships with teachers Having sexual relationships with teachers was considered inappropriate by most students as shown in table ___. Of those who responded 30.1%disagreed with the statement "it is okay for students to have sexual relationships with teachers", and a further 64.3% strongly disagreed. On 5.6% agreed to the statement. Table A-35
Total Sample size 2258
Respondents were asked if they considered themselves to be at risk of being infected with HIV. Majority of the respondents disagreed (81.9%) and only 18.1% agreed. This should be of great concern all of us considering that young people are quite vulnerable. Table A-36
Total sample size 2258
Q54. I consider my best friend(s) to be at risk of becoming infected with HIV On the statement "my best friends are at risk of becoming infected by HIV", the majority (77.6%) disagreed and only 22.4% agreed. This still suggest that students still consider themselves out of danger of getting infected with HIV. It is a question of "them" and not "us". Table A-37
Total sample size 2258
Q55. Some Swazi students practice homosexuality. On whether there were Swazi students practising homosexuality, half of respondents (50.7%) had some measure of agreement with the statement, and almost another half (49.3%) disagreed. Table A-38
Total sample size 2258 Responses 1588 70.3% of total sample size No Response 670 29.7% of total sample size
Q56. Homosexuality should be considered a normal alternative sexual style Respondents were asked whether "homosexuality should be considered a normal alternative sexual style", 35% disagreed and another 38.4% strongly disagreed. Those who considered homosexuality to be normal accounted for 26.6%. Swazi society is not yet prepared for such an alternative sexual orientation. Judging from press comments and what the public have written about homosexuality, in the wake of the formation of the gays and lesbians in early 1997, most Swazis are homophobic.
Table A-39
Total sample size 2258 Responses 1550 68.6% of total sample size No Response 708 31.4% of total sample size
Q57. Missing from the questionnaire
Q58. Oral sex is common among students excluding mouth to mouth kissing On the statement "oral sex is common among students excluding mouth to mouth, 39.8%agreed and a further 14.7% strongly agreed. a further 24.5% and 21% accounted for those who disagreed and strongly disagreed respectively. Table A-40
Total sample size 2258 Responses 1699 75.2% of the total sample No Response 559 32.9% of the total sample
Q59. Oral sex should be considered a normal alternative sexual style When asked whether oral sex should be considered a normal alternative sexual style, 23.8% agreed and another 9.9% strongly agreed. Whereas 38.4% disagreed and 27.8% strongly disagreed. Thus over half (66.2%) of the respondents did not take kindly to oral sex as an alternative sexual style. Table A-41
Q60. Would you say you have sex more or want to have sex if you have taken drugs?
When asked whether they would have more or want to have sex under the influence of drugs, most respondents 48.7% said "no", 14.1% said "yes" and a further 37.2% had not given applicable response. Total sample size 2258 Q61. Would you say you have sex more or want to have sex if you have drunk alcohol
Respondents were further asked if they would have sex more or want to have sex if under influence of alcohol 50.6% gave "no" answers, 14.3% "yes" and 35.1% not applicable.
Total sample size 2258 Q62. Getting children outside of marriage is acceptable An overwhelming majority (83.1%) disagreed with the statement "getting children outside of marriage is acceptable". Only 16.9% agreed. Thus having children out of wedlock is not likely to be the wish of the students. Table A-42
Total sample size 2258 SECTION 3 Sexual Practices of school going youth Objectives of this section of the study were 1) To determine the status and extent of sexual activity among students. 2) To document age at first sexual experience and age of sexual partner. 3) To characterize the first sexual experience of sexually active students. 4) To determine the type of sex activities which students engage in. 5) To find out the proportion of students who have been forced to have sex or sexually abused (raped). 6) To find out the proportion of students who have been exposed to incest. 7) To document the average number of sexual partners per sexually active student. 8) to find out the average lifespan of sexual relationships per sexually active student. 9) To find out what proportion of students use contraceptives, including condoms. 10) To find out what proportion of students use drugs and alcohol. 11) To find out what proportion of students receive or pay money in exchange for sex 12) To asses the occurance of STDs among students. 13) To find out if students talk about sex among themselves and with parents. 14) To establish the occurance of homosexual activities among students. 15) To establish the extent of teacher-student relationships. 16) To determine the proportion of students who participate in national traditional ceremonies such as Umhlnga and Lusekwane 17) To determine the proportion of students that attend night parties. The findings were as follows: Respondents were asked eleven questions regarding their sexual practices. The question included:
The responses to the five questions are presented below: Table: P-1
Q. 1 Lifetime Sexual Encounters 2258 school youth were interviewed on their sex life and practices. 2237 responded to the question. Out of these, 1632 (73%) reported that they had not engaged in sex. Only 605 (27%) reported they were sexually active. Twenty one percent (21%) of those who were sexually active had engaged in sex once, 16% twice, 12% three times and 50% 4 times or more. Q. 2 According to table p-1, out of the 605 who had engaged in sex, 240 youth (39.7%) reported they had sex in the last month prior to the study. 40% of these had sex once during the month preceding the interviews; 19% had it twice; 16.7% had it three times while over 24% had it four times or more in the month prior to data collection. Q. 3 Three hundred and forty seven of the 605 who were sexually active (57.2%) had engaged in sex in the last three months preceding the study. Out of the 347, 31% had sex once in the three months; 24.2% had it twice; 17% had it three or four times and over 28% had sex more than four times during the three months preceding the survey. Q. 4 364 out of the 605 (60.2%) had sex during the six months before the interviews of this study. Out of the 364, about 26% had it once; 18% had it twice; 20% had it three or four times while 37% had sex more than four times during the six months. Q. 5 Out of the 605 youth who said they were sexually active, 441 (72.9%) reported having sexual intercourse during the last twelve months which preceded this data collection. Out of this group, about 24% had sex once during the year; 21.5% had it twice; over 13% had sex three of four times and over 42% had sex more than four times in the last year.
Sexual Frequency Findings
Sexual Frequency Recommendations
First Sexual Encounter Q. 6 The respondents were asked how old they were at the time of their first sexual experience. Out of 2258 youth interviewed, 2180 responded to the question. 1644 (72.8%) said that the question did not apply to them. 98 did not respond to the question. 536 respondents listed the age of their first sexual experience. 46.3% of the 536 youth who responded positively to this question said that they became sexually active between 15 and 19 years of age. A further 33.4% became sexually active between 10 and 14 years of age. 15.7% became sexually active between ages 5 and 9 years. 2.4% of the respondents claimed that they had their first sexual encounter between the ages of 2 to 4 years.
Q. 7 The study group was asked the age difference between them and their first sexual partner. 2023 youth responded to this question from the 2258 who were given the questionnaire. 235 did not respond. 1568 said the question was irrelevant to them because they had were not sexually active. The most common age difference was 11-15 years with 33.4% of responses. Next was 1-5 years of age difference with 31.4%. 14.7% had their first sexual encounter with someone who differed in age by 6-10 years and 18.9% had intercourse with someone who differed in age by 16-20 years.
Q. 8 The respondents (2258) were asked the Marital Status of the partner they had their first sexual encounter with. 1317 of the respondents said that the question did not apply to them. 252 did not respond and 689 answered the question. 68.8% of the 689 respondents, claimed to have had their initial sexual encounter with a single person. 5.5% had sex for the first time with either separated, divorced or widowed partners. Another 6.7% became sexually involved for the first time with individuals who were married or co-habiting. Q. 9 The survey group was asked the location of their first sexual encounter. 1452 of the 2258 youth questioned in the survey, stated that this question did not apply to them. 190 did not respond to the question. 616 responded positively to the question. Out of these, 600 gave specific location where they had sex for the first time. Table P-2
First Sex Findings
First Sex Recommendations
Sexual Activity-Current Q. 10 The 2258 youth were asked about the age of their last sexual partner. 612 responded positively to this question. 1421 stated that it did not apply to them (not sexually active) and 225 did not respond.
From the 612 responses, 33.3% said that their last sexual partner was between 10 and 14 years of age. 43.1% had the last sexual encounter with someone between the ages of 15 and 19 years. 23.5% had their last sex with someone twenty years of age or older.
Table P-3
Q. 22 Out of the 686 youth who indicated the category of people they had engaged in sex with, 344 gave the age at which this happened. 34.3% of the sex with the category of people shown on table P-3 of this report occurred between the ages of 15 to 16 years. 19.8% occurred between 17-18 years of age. 15.1% took place between ages of 11 and 12 years. 4.9% of the 344 respondents between the ages of 19 and 20 years, and 2.9% above the age of 20 years. Only 5.8% of the 344 were within the first 10 years of life. Recheck answer sheet. There is no group from 13 to 14 years of age.
The majority (54.1%) of those who responded positively were between the ages of 15 to 18 years.
Q. 23 Respondents were asked if such sexual relationships are still continuing. Out of 686 who cited the types of people they had sex with, 648 responded. 33.8% of the 648 were still continuing with the sexual relationships while about 65% of the 648 had ceased.
Q. 24 Respondents were asked to give the number of sexual partners they have had since the first one. 396 provided the number of partners, while 625 said they had none. 1071 said the question was not applicable. Out of the 1021, 13.6% said they had only one other partner. 7.0% had two partners since the first one. 6.7% had three. About 11.6% had four or more sexual partners since the first one. 25.3% who have had multiple partners since the first one. NOTE: There was great confusion on this question. 605 earlier claimed to be sexually active yet, 1021 answered this question.
Q. 25 The study group were asked how many sexual partners they had since the beginning of 1995. 915 respondents said that the question was not applicable to them. 794 marked "none". 197 did not respond to the question. Only 362 respondents indicated the number of sexual partners they had since the beginning of 1995. Their responses were, 54.9% had one partner; 15.2% had two partners while 29.8% had three or more partners. Q.26 Respondents were asked whether they ever had boyfriends/girlfriends. Out of 2126 responses, 51.9% stated that they had at one time had boyfriends/girlfriends while 48.1% indicated that they had never had boyfriends/girlfriends. Q. 27 The 2258 survey participants were asked if they currently have a boyfriend/girlfriend. 2126 responded to the question. 252 stated that the question did not apply to them. Of the 1874 remaining, 885 (47.2%) said that they did. Q.28 The study group were asked the age at which they had their first boyfriend/girlfriend. 1044 youth listed that age (yet only 885 admitted to having them). About 89% of those who had boyfriends/girlfriends, had them between the ages of 10 and 17 years. The critical ages at which most respondents had boyfriends/girlfriends was from 12 to 16 years.
Q.29 When asked about the number of boyfriends/girlfriends since the first one, 768 out of the 2258 responded. 44.1% had one; 25.4% had two; 17.4% had three to four; 10.5% had five to six and 8.7% had seven boyfriends/girlfriends or more.
Q. 30 Respondents were asked how many current lovers they have. 762 youth responded to this question. The majority, 65.7% had only one current lover. 17.1% had two. 7.1% had three and 10.1% had more than three. This is 34% of the currently sexually active youth having multiple partners.
Q. 31 The respondents were asked about the length of their longest love relationship. 501 responded to the question. 57% said the relationship lasted for 1 to 5 years. 6% said the relationship lasted for more than 5 years. 28% stated that the relationship lasted for months, but less than a year. And 9% said it lasted for days, but less than a month. Q. 32 When asked about their shortest love relationship, 970 stated that the question did not apply to them. 367 listed the length of time. And 921 did not answer the question. 53 (14.4%) said it lasted only a matter of days. 97 (26.4%) said it last for weeks. 171 (46.6%) said it had lasted for months and 46 (12.5%) said it lasted for a year or more.
Current Sexual Activity Findings
Current Sexual Activity Recommendations
Sexual Activities Q. 11 Respondents were asked about the types of sexual activities they had taken part in. (Multiple responses were possible.)
Table P-4
Sexual Practices Findings
Sexual Practices Recommendations
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